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2.Vina Vania Suhartawan & Viva Virginia Suhartawan
Study on the phenomenon mimicry on Butterflies (Lepidoptera) at the Cyclops Mountains Reserve

A high diversity of butterflies and moths is found in Cyclops Mountains Reserve. Less study is done on mimicry. Observation in nature is a good method in education for mimicry, a phenomenon that is common at insects especially at butterflies and moths, when a species (mimic) has profit from its superficial imitation of another species (model). The reason is often an aposematic one: by colour and/or design, which causes that predators (vertebrates) recognize the species as distasteful, inedible or dangerous. Parsons (1999) mentioned two theories: Mullerian mimicry (similarity between a number of species which are distasteful, inedible or dangerous and therefore avoided by predators) and Batesian mimicry (a single species which is palatable imitates an unpalatable or dangerous species). 
Both Mullerian mimicry and Batesian mimicry are present at the Cyclops Mountains. Papilio laglaizei (Papilionidae) with Alcides agathyrsus (Uraniidae), genus Neptis (Nymphalinae, Nymphalidae) with genus Tellervo (Ithomiinae, Nymphalidae), and Papilio ambrax (female) (Papilionini, Papilionidae) with Athophaneura polydorus (Troidini, Papilionidae) are examples of Batesian mimicry. Examples of Mullerian mimicry in early stages are much more difficult to find. Good examples are the larvae and pupae of Troides oblongmaculatus and Ornithoptera priamus and the genus Hyanthis with Taenaris (both Morphinae, Nymphalidae).

3.Evie L. Warikar
Diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen Island), Papua

From 27 April to 17 May 2007 a survey was held at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen) in Papua, at six different locations: Gesa, Noau, Baitanisa, Nuriba, Wakamba and Pitohui. 94 different species of Papilionoidea were recorded: 12 Papilionidae, 6 Pieridae, 31 Lycaenidae and 45 Nymphalidae. The results at the various localities were quite different, not only because of different habitats, but also caused by different number of search days. At Baitanisa 68 species were recorded in 6 days, at Noau 63 species in 5 days, at Nuriba 38 species in 1 day, at Gesa 29 species in 3 days, at Pitohui 11 species in 2 days, at Wakamba 5 species in 2 days. Some common species in the Mamberamo area and in the surrounding of Jayapura were not found on this survey. Danaus affinis was only recorded at Wakamba.
The result of 93 species still shows a high diversity in Waropen Atas area. However, disturbed or even destroyed forest and the absence of many species, common in other parts of Waropen, are a signal that conservation is urged to save the diversity in this region.

Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 2 (1) July – September 2007

1.Evie L. Warikar, Nelly Lunga & Ervina Indrayani
Food sources of Nymphalid butterflies in the forest at Campus Universitas Cenderawasih, Waena

Background
The forest around the Campus UNCEN is a study object for students, rich with flora and fauna and a good place for inventory of food plants for butterflies.
Food plants of 11 species of Papilionidae were published (Banuaty, 2005), with six food plants for caterpillars and ten species for nectar sucking butterflies.
Many activities of local people caused serious forest damage, which may cause a decline of the number of food plants, influencing on its turn the number of butterfly species and its populations.

Result
During 15 days in the period 13 May to 24 June 2006 the survey was held, resulting in twelve species plants and three kinds of minerals, found along rivers, in grass land and secondary forest. Food for butterflies was the nectar of the flowers, rotten fruits and bracts. Twenty six species of Nymphalids were feeding on the above mentioned food sources. Bidens pilosa was often used for consumption; of less interest were Ficus sp. Macaranga tesselata, Freycinetia sp., and Parastemon urophylus were food plants for Lexias and Taenaris. We observed Lexias (subfamily Nymphalinae) and Taenaris (subfamily Morphinae) consuming dropped bracts of Freycinetia sp. (family Pandanaceae). Concluding, food plants for Nymphalid butterflies were found in all three habitats, which effected the presence of Nymphalids at the Campus of the University. At river sides, of course, many minerals are available, which are very poor in grass land and secondary forest.

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2. Henk van Mastrigt
Distribution of Papilionoidea in lowlands and low hills in West Papua

Since 2001 many surveys have been held by K.E.P. and teachers and students of the Cenderwasih University: Fak-Fak (FF, 2005), Numfor Island (NU, 2005), Moor and Mambor Islands (MM, 2003), Supiori (SU, 2004), Yapen (YA, 2006,2007), Mamberamo district (MB, 2001,2004,2005), Kumamba Islands (KK, 2002), Pantai Timur Islands (PT, 2001) and Ubrub (UB, 2003). Based on Parsons (1999) 427 species butterflies are present in West Papua below 900 meters above sea level. In the various surveys we collected or observed 310 species, which means 72,60% of Parsons’ total number. Table 1 shows the distribution per family and subfamily, concerning the various surveys. The number of Lycaenids (64,71%) is below the average; the number of Nymphalids (83,22%) is the highest one. In the Mamberamo area we collected and observed 70% of the 310 species we found or 50,82% of the total number of species in the lowlands (however, we made three surveys in that area); on the second place is the Fak-Fak area (48,39%; 35,13%), where we only spend ten days; followed by Yapen (41,61%; 30,21%), Ubrub (36,45%; 26,46%) and so on till the Pantai Timur Isles (19,03%; 13,82%). From the 310 species we observed only twelve species (3,87%) were found at all nine localities: Ornithoptera priamus, Papilio aegeus, Eurema puella, Hypolycaena phorbas, Jamides celeno, Danaus affinis, Euploea tulliolus, Taenaris artemis, Cyrestis acilia, Pantoporia venilia, Hypolimnas bolina and Vindula arsinoe; another twelve species were found on eight localities: Antrophaneura polydorus, Graphium agamemnon, Papilio ambrax, Eurema hecabe, Arhopala philander, Psychonotis caelius, Catopyrops ancyra, Jamides coritus, Everes lacturnus, Yoma algina, Cethosia cydippe and Cupha prosope. 25 species (8,06%) were found at seven localities; 19 species (6,13%) at six; 24 species (7,74%) at five, 23 species (7,42%) at four, 38 species (12,26%) at three, and 57 species (18,39%) at two localities One hundred species were only found at one locality. From these one hundred 44 species were found in the Mamberamo area, 18 at Supiori, 13 at Fak-Fak, 7 at the Moor and Mambor Islands and also at Yapen, 4 at Ubrub, 3 at the Kumamba Islands and 2 at Numfor and at the Pantai Timur Islands. Because of various reasons it is hard to compare the different areas. However, it can be stated that the biodiversity in the Mamberamo area and at Fak-Fak is high. Supiori Island has quite a few endemics. More surveying in Ubrub and Fak-Fak will increase the number of species in the areas.

3.Henk van Mastrigt
Survey in Fak-Fak

From 2 till 10 May 2005 five amateur entomologists were collecting and observing Papilionoidea in the surrounding of Fak-Fak, Onin Peninsula, at three localities: Air Besar (10 m), Werba (60 m) and Kokas km 19 (800 m). The following results can be reported:
· 150 species Papilionoidea were found, which is high in comparison with other surveys (110-140 species), which represent: 15 Papilionidae, 15 Pieridae, 52 Lycaenidae and 68 Nymphalidae.
· The weather during the survey was poor: lots of rain and less sun. A second survey will be held in October 2007, hopefully in better circumstances.
· Nevertheless quite a lot of species were found, endemic in the Onin Peninsula or West Papua. 
· Three species were found new to the collection in Jayapura (K.S.P.).
· At Werba 103 species were found, at Air Besar 92 and at KM 19 to Kokas 85 species. Kokas was poor in Nymphalids (16 species less), although it had much more Satyrinae than the other two places. The richness at Werba and Air Besar was due to the larger numbers of Papilionidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae.
· 69 Species were found at all three localities; at Air Besar and Werba 7 species; at Air Besar and Kokas also 7 species and at Werba and Kokas 10 species.
· From the 57 species exclusively found at one locality 31 species were found at Kokas KM 19, 17 species at Werba and 9 species at Air Besar.

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4.Evie L. Warikar & Daawia
Butterflies in the surrounding of Campus UNCEN Waena

Background                                                                                                                                               The Cyclops Reserve close to Jayapura (22.500 ha), with a high endemism of butterflies and other animals (Petocz, 1987), is under continous pressure by the increasing population, for housing and gardening, which results in declining numbers of butterflies over the last twenty years (Van Mastrigt & Rosariyanto, 2005). Data on diversity of butterfly species at the forest around the Campus of Uncen Waena is not complete yet, but based on Ulim (2000) 21 species of Papilionoidea were registered: 5 species Papilionidae, 1 species Pieridae and 15 species Nymphalidae. Banuaty (2005) reported 11 species of Papilionidae, a reason for further surveys. Results. Within 15 days (between 13 May and 24 Juni 2006) 100 species were found: 12 species Papilionidae, 5 Pieridae, 24 Lycaenidae and 59 Nymphalidae. According to habitat, most species are found along river sides (83), in the secondary forest 51 species and in the grass land 46 species. The presence of a high number of food plants for caterpillars and butterflies, water and the penetration of sun light have a positive impact on the diversity of butterflies in the area.

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Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 1 (4) April – June 2007

1.Beatrix Wanma
Practical training at Ambaidiru Village, Serui

A student of the Biological Department of the UNCEN has to do a practical training and I made the choice to join the Entomological Workgroup (KEP) on their survey to Ambaidiru, Serui (Japen), an island I did not visit before.
During the preparation we met Vincent Kalkman and Hans Huibreghts who were invited to present introductions on dragonflies/damselflies and beetles, and did some training in the field.
At July 5th we arrived at Ambaidiru, which environment varies from 650 to 1.400 m above sea level. The inventory on insects contents butterflies, dragon- and damselflies, and beetles. I was involved at the inventory of butterflies. During 15 days (4-19 July) we collected and observed 129 species of the Superfamily Papilionoidea, including 12 Papilionidae, 7 Pieridae, 47 Lycaenidae and 63 Nymphalidae. 
Back in Jayapura I had to finish my training and was active in the collection room helping with identifying and setting.
The experience I got will be useful for my survey at Merauke later this year.

2.Edy Michelis Rosariyanto
Old memories in the Wondiwoi Mountains Reserve

This is about the trip I made for surveying butterflies at Wondiwoi Mountains Reserve in 1996, when I was finishing my studies at the Forestry Faculty, at Manokwari.
My first plan was to visit Duhubea village, Arfak Mts, as I observed there many beautiful butterflies I did not see before, but after consultation with Br. Henk we moved to the Wondowoi Rerserve, as nearly no data are available from that area.
In the writing of my essay I was guided by Mr. Alexander Yoku and Mr. Wasaraka, and in the field and during identification I was assisted by Br. Henk van Mastrigt.
During our one week trip we moved very slowly as the route has to be made with using a parang and after four days we reached 1,750 m, an altitude which can be reached at the Cyclops Mts. in one day only. During that week we had a lot of rain and did hardly see any butterfly. It was also clear that we took another trail than the expedition many years ago. 
I feel the challenge to return at that spot to get known whether the species collected before are still there.
The result of this survey can be found in my essay: “Keragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu Pada Beberapa Ketinggian Tempat di Cagar Alam Pegunungan Wondiboi” (unpublished).

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3.Rinto Herry Mambrasar
Survey at Mokwam Village, Kabupaten Manokwari 

This survey was organized in order to get data for the essay of Mosaba Uma Duwiri, a student at the Papua State University (UNIPA) at Manokwari, who did her practicum at the insect laboratory of K.S.P. in Jayapura. She was accompanied by Mrs. Rawati Panjaitan, teacher of biology at UNIPA, three other UNIPA students and Rinto H. Mambrasar. 
The village Mokwam (1,400 m) we reached by car from Manokwari, in about three hours passing 66 km and we arrived there in wet and cold weather (18º C).
Several aspects of the forest are used by local people in various ways:
· Tourists will come to see the various species of birds; however many specimens were also used for consumption.
· Also the meat of tree- and ground-couscous, tree kangaroo, and ekidna were used for consumption.
· Special kinds of timber are used for building houses and meeting rooms.
· Bark is used to close the walls in the houses and for making bags (noken).
· Many plants are used as various medicines.
· Bamboo is used in various ways, as floors and walls in houses, as fence, as water laid and for transportation.
The survey resulted in 83 species of butterflies: 8 Papilionidae, 17 Pieridae, 33 Lycaenidae and 25 Nymphalidae. According to the elevation 37 species were reported at 1,000 m, 28 species at 1,400 m and 18 species at 1,800 m. Most species were found along riversides and in old garden areas.
The way in which people use the forest has a negative impact on flora and fauna, so that some protection should be useful.
The total result is available in the following essay: Duwiri, Mosaba Uma. 2007. Keragaman dan penyebaran Kupu-kupu Superfamili Papilionoidea, Di Kampung Mokwam, Distrik Minyambouw, Provinsi Papua Barat (unpublished).

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4.Rinto Herry Mambrasar
Desa Sansundi, North Biak

Edy M. Rosariyanto, Yohanes Don Bosco Maro and Rinto H. Mambrasar visited Desa Sansundi, North Biak, in order to survey butterflies in the North Biak Reserve.
The local people are fishermen, doing also some gardening for vegetables and fruits. Besides that they collect shelves which result in IDR 45.000 to IDR 50.000 a kg. The people are aware of their task to protect and control the forest to keep it in a good condition.
In the past three large families stayed together in one village. However, to be closer to their own gardens after the tsunami in 1996, they built three villages.
The survey was done in June 2006 and the result is not published and became part of KSP.

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