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3.Daawia & Evie L. Warikar
Comparison diversity of Nymphalid butterflies at Mt Bonsupiori, Supiori Island, Kabupaten Supiori (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae)

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4. Daawia & Evie L. Warikar
Comparing study between diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) at Supiori Island, Biak Island and Padaido Archipelago

This study will show the relationship between the number of species found at the various islands and the vastness of the islands Biak (the largerst one) and Supiori and the very small islands Meos, Kubori and Rasi in the Padaido Archipelago. During the survey in 22 effective days between 19 July and 17 August 2007 the samples were made according to the Transek Count at Line Transect method (Sutherland, 1996). Indicators used were “species richness” and “indeks Shannon Wienner” (H’).
At Biak 112 Papilionoidea species were recorded, at Supiori 66 species and at the Padaido islands only 27 species, which leads to a species richness index H’= 1.631 at Biak, H’= 1.576 at Supiori and H’=1.086 for the Padaido islands. At this survey six endemics were recorded: Pareronia chinki, Delias talboti (Pieridae), Ideopsis hewitsonii, Euploea albicosta, Taenaris scylla, Cirrochroa imperatrix (Nymphalidae), which are endemics at Biak and Delias dohertyi (Pieridae) which is endemic in the Biak-Japen area. 

5. Henk van Mastrigt.
Insects on stamps

One of the new Delias species collected at the Foja Mountains was named Delias kristianiae after MRS. KRISTIANI HERAWATI, Indonesia’s first lady, to honour and to support the Indonesian President, MR. SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO, in his efforts to save the Indonesian forest and to protect it against illegal logging, especially in Papua.
Every year at 5 November (National Day on Flora and Fauna) PT Pos Indonesia has been paying special attention to the environment with a series of stamps. Last year the results of the Foja expedition got special attention in this series, with two birds (Milopotes carolae and Amblyornis flavifrons) and two plants (Licuala arbuscula and Livistona mamberamoensis); this year four butterflies were chosen (Delias kristianiae, Ornithoptera aesacus, O. croesus and Troides hypolytus).
Since 2001 no insects were pictured on stamps anymore. In that year five beetles were depicted (Batocera rosenbergi, Chalcosoma caucasus, Chrysochroa buqueti, Agestrata dehaani and Mormolyca phyliodes).
Stamps do not only have a monetary function but also an educational one: by this series people can learn more about Indonesian entomological biodiversity.

Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 2 (2) October – December 2007

1.Ferra Ice Julanda Manobi
Diversity and distribution of Odonata at the Manatiungna and Ambokari Rivers at Ambaidiru District Kosiwo, Kabupaten Yapen

During the survey to Ambaidiru (Japen) in July 2006, three members were focussed on Odonata: Vincent Kalkman (Naturalis, Leiden) together with Ferra Manobi and John Kaize (two students of UNCEN). The results of 13 days collecting between 400 and 1200 meter are reported in the final papers of Ferra Manobi. In total 50 species of Odonata were recorded: 24 species of the Suborder Zygoptera, representing 8 families, and 26 species of the Suborder Anisoptera, representing 4 families, as follows:

The importance of this survey is underlined in the conclusions, with among others the following statements:
· Previously only thirteen species of Odonata were known from Japen; this survey did increase this number with thirty seven, to fifty species.
· Seven of the fifty species are probably new to science and are objects for further studies.
· More surveys on Japen will surely lead to more new discoveries.

2.Vina Vania Suhartawan & Viva Virginia Suhartawan
Study on the phenomenon mimicry on Butterflies (Lepidoptera) at the Cyclops Mountains Reserve

A high diversity of butterflies and moths is found in Cyclops Mountains Reserve. Less study is done on mimicry. Observation in nature is a good method in education for mimicry, a phenomenon that is common at insects especially at butterflies and moths, when a species (mimic) has profit from its superficial imitation of another species (model). The reason is often an aposematic one: by colour and/or design, which causes that predators (vertebrates) recognize the species as distasteful, inedible or dangerous. Parsons (1999) mentioned two theories: Mullerian mimicry (similarity between a number of species which are distasteful, inedible or dangerous and therefore avoided by predators) and Batesian mimicry (a single species which is palatable imitates an unpalatable or dangerous species). 
Both Mullerian mimicry and Batesian mimicry are present at the Cyclops Mountains. Papilio laglaizei (Papilionidae) with Alcides agathyrsus (Uraniidae), genus Neptis (Nymphalinae, Nymphalidae) with genus Tellervo (Ithomiinae, Nymphalidae), and Papilio ambrax (female) (Papilionini, Papilionidae) with Athophaneura polydorus (Troidini, Papilionidae) are examples of Batesian mimicry. Examples of Mullerian mimicry in early stages are much more difficult to find. Good examples are the larvae and pupae of Troides oblongmaculatus and Ornithoptera priamus and the genus Hyanthis with Taenaris (both Morphinae, Nymphalidae).

3.Evie L. Warikar
Diversity of butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea) at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen Island), Papua

From 27 April to 17 May 2007 a survey was held at the Waropen Atas Region (Japen) in Papua, at six different locations: Gesa, Noau, Baitanisa, Nuriba, Wakamba and Pitohui. 94 different species of Papilionoidea were recorded: 12 Papilionidae, 6 Pieridae, 31 Lycaenidae and 45 Nymphalidae. The results at the various localities were quite different, not only because of different habitats, but also caused by different number of search days. At Baitanisa 68 species were recorded in 6 days, at Noau 63 species in 5 days, at Nuriba 38 species in 1 day, at Gesa 29 species in 3 days, at Pitohui 11 species in 2 days, at Wakamba 5 species in 2 days. Some common species in the Mamberamo area and in the surrounding of Jayapura were not found on this survey. Danaus affinis was only recorded at Wakamba.
The result of 93 species still shows a high diversity in Waropen Atas area. However, disturbed or even destroyed forest and the absence of many species, common in other parts of Waropen, are a signal that conservation is urged to save the diversity in this region.

Suara Serangga Papua, 2007, 2 (1) July – September 2007

1.Evie L. Warikar, Nelly Lunga & Ervina Indrayani
Food sources of Nymphalid butterflies in the forest at Campus Universitas Cenderawasih, Waena

Background
The forest around the Campus UNCEN is a study object for students, rich with flora and fauna and a good place for inventory of food plants for butterflies.
Food plants of 11 species of Papilionidae were published (Banuaty, 2005), with six food plants for caterpillars and ten species for nectar sucking butterflies.
Many activities of local people caused serious forest damage, which may cause a decline of the number of food plants, influencing on its turn the number of butterfly species and its populations.

Result
During 15 days in the period 13 May to 24 June 2006 the survey was held, resulting in twelve species plants and three kinds of minerals, found along rivers, in grass land and secondary forest. Food for butterflies was the nectar of the flowers, rotten fruits and bracts. Twenty six species of Nymphalids were feeding on the above mentioned food sources. Bidens pilosa was often used for consumption; of less interest were Ficus sp. Macaranga tesselata, Freycinetia sp., and Parastemon urophylus were food plants for Lexias and Taenaris. We observed Lexias (subfamily Nymphalinae) and Taenaris (subfamily Morphinae) consuming dropped bracts of Freycinetia sp. (family Pandanaceae). Concluding, food plants for Nymphalid butterflies were found in all three habitats, which effected the presence of Nymphalids at the Campus of the University. At river sides, of course, many minerals are available, which are very poor in grass land and secondary forest.

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2. Henk van Mastrigt
Distribution of Papilionoidea in lowlands and low hills in West Papua

Since 2001 many surveys have been held by K.E.P. and teachers and students of the Cenderwasih University: Fak-Fak (FF, 2005), Numfor Island (NU, 2005), Moor and Mambor Islands (MM, 2003), Supiori (SU, 2004), Yapen (YA, 2006,2007), Mamberamo district (MB, 2001,2004,2005), Kumamba Islands (KK, 2002), Pantai Timur Islands (PT, 2001) and Ubrub (UB, 2003). Based on Parsons (1999) 427 species butterflies are present in West Papua below 900 meters above sea level. In the various surveys we collected or observed 310 species, which means 72,60% of Parsons’ total number. Table 1 shows the distribution per family and subfamily, concerning the various surveys. The number of Lycaenids (64,71%) is below the average; the number of Nymphalids (83,22%) is the highest one. In the Mamberamo area we collected and observed 70% of the 310 species we found or 50,82% of the total number of species in the lowlands (however, we made three surveys in that area); on the second place is the Fak-Fak area (48,39%; 35,13%), where we only spend ten days; followed by Yapen (41,61%; 30,21%), Ubrub (36,45%; 26,46%) and so on till the Pantai Timur Isles (19,03%; 13,82%). From the 310 species we observed only twelve species (3,87%) were found at all nine localities: Ornithoptera priamus, Papilio aegeus, Eurema puella, Hypolycaena phorbas, Jamides celeno, Danaus affinis, Euploea tulliolus, Taenaris artemis, Cyrestis acilia, Pantoporia venilia, Hypolimnas bolina and Vindula arsinoe; another twelve species were found on eight localities: Antrophaneura polydorus, Graphium agamemnon, Papilio ambrax, Eurema hecabe, Arhopala philander, Psychonotis caelius, Catopyrops ancyra, Jamides coritus, Everes lacturnus, Yoma algina, Cethosia cydippe and Cupha prosope. 25 species (8,06%) were found at seven localities; 19 species (6,13%) at six; 24 species (7,74%) at five, 23 species (7,42%) at four, 38 species (12,26%) at three, and 57 species (18,39%) at two localities One hundred species were only found at one locality. From these one hundred 44 species were found in the Mamberamo area, 18 at Supiori, 13 at Fak-Fak, 7 at the Moor and Mambor Islands and also at Yapen, 4 at Ubrub, 3 at the Kumamba Islands and 2 at Numfor and at the Pantai Timur Islands. Because of various reasons it is hard to compare the different areas. However, it can be stated that the biodiversity in the Mamberamo area and at Fak-Fak is high. Supiori Island has quite a few endemics. More surveying in Ubrub and Fak-Fak will increase the number of species in the areas.

3.Henk van Mastrigt
Survey in Fak-Fak

From 2 till 10 May 2005 five amateur entomologists were collecting and observing Papilionoidea in the surrounding of Fak-Fak, Onin Peninsula, at three localities: Air Besar (10 m), Werba (60 m) and Kokas km 19 (800 m). The following results can be reported:
· 150 species Papilionoidea were found, which is high in comparison with other surveys (110-140 species), which represent: 15 Papilionidae, 15 Pieridae, 52 Lycaenidae and 68 Nymphalidae.
· The weather during the survey was poor: lots of rain and less sun. A second survey will be held in October 2007, hopefully in better circumstances.
· Nevertheless quite a lot of species were found, endemic in the Onin Peninsula or West Papua. 
· Three species were found new to the collection in Jayapura (K.S.P.).
· At Werba 103 species were found, at Air Besar 92 and at KM 19 to Kokas 85 species. Kokas was poor in Nymphalids (16 species less), although it had much more Satyrinae than the other two places. The richness at Werba and Air Besar was due to the larger numbers of Papilionidae, Pieridae and Lycaenidae.
· 69 Species were found at all three localities; at Air Besar and Werba 7 species; at Air Besar and Kokas also 7 species and at Werba and Kokas 10 species.
· From the 57 species exclusively found at one locality 31 species were found at Kokas KM 19, 17 species at Werba and 9 species at Air Besar.

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4.Evie L. Warikar & Daawia
Butterflies in the surrounding of Campus UNCEN Waena

Background                                                                                                                                               The Cyclops Reserve close to Jayapura (22.500 ha), with a high endemism of butterflies and other animals (Petocz, 1987), is under continous pressure by the increasing population, for housing and gardening, which results in declining numbers of butterflies over the last twenty years (Van Mastrigt & Rosariyanto, 2005). Data on diversity of butterfly species at the forest around the Campus of Uncen Waena is not complete yet, but based on Ulim (2000) 21 species of Papilionoidea were registered: 5 species Papilionidae, 1 species Pieridae and 15 species Nymphalidae. Banuaty (2005) reported 11 species of Papilionidae, a reason for further surveys. Results. Within 15 days (between 13 May and 24 Juni 2006) 100 species were found: 12 species Papilionidae, 5 Pieridae, 24 Lycaenidae and 59 Nymphalidae. According to habitat, most species are found along river sides (83), in the secondary forest 51 species and in the grass land 46 species. The presence of a high number of food plants for caterpillars and butterflies, water and the penetration of sun light have a positive impact on the diversity of butterflies in the area.

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